Signal · indexed from World Bank Documents & Reports
World Bank
Survey-to-survey imputation (S2S) is widely used to estimate poverty when a target survey lacks the consumption or income aggregate needed for direct welfare measurement. This guidance note provides a practical framework for deciding when S2S is credible, when it is high risk, and when alternative approaches should be preferred. It emphasizes that S2S depends on two sets of conditions: comparable source and target survey populations with consistently measured predictors, and a welfare model that can be transported across surveys or periods. Drawing on background notes which provide simulation evidence, empirical work using Peruvian data, and lessons from a global S2S imputation challenge, the note illustrates why violations of these assumptions can generate large prediction errors, particularly during shocks or structural change. It offers a decision tree, diagnostic checks, validation practices, and documentation standards to help practitioners make assumptions explicit, triangulate predictions, and communicate uncertainty in operational poverty work.
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| Field | How we know | State | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Publication date | Official API or feed | Data quality: Source-backed | 100 |
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