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World Bank
Social assistance has long served as a central pillar of Ukraine’s social protection architecture, evolving through economic transitions, demographic change, and successive shocks. Since the Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, its role has significantly expanded as poverty has deepened, displacement has surged, and socioeconomic conditions have deteriorated. This sharp rise in demand for social assistance has occurred within an increasingly constrained fiscal space, generating a tension between growing needs and the resources available to address them. At the same time, the crisis has created a unique window for structural reform, catalyzing changes in program design, digital integration, and benefit administration that had been previously unfeasible. Against this backdrop, this report offers a comprehensive assessment of Ukraine’s social assistance sector from 2014 through 2026. It examines the evolution and current state of social benefits and the administrative and delivery system that underpins them, identifying key strengths as well as persistent challenges. It also documents recent reform efforts, including significant wartime adaptations and the introduction of the Basic Social Assistance (BSA) program. Building on its findings, the report presents a set of priority policy directions to guide the next phase of social assistance reform, with the overarching objective of providing strategic guidance to the Government of Ukraine as it advances sector reforms for post-crisis and long-term reconstruction. As the only up-to-date, system-wide diagnostic currently available, the report also serves as a shared reference document for development partners, humanitarian actors, donors, and civil society organizations. It provides a common knowledge and evidence base of the social assistance system to help strengthen coordination, enhance coherence, and accelerate implementation of reforms during a critical phase for the country.
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