Ahead of the Crisis: Building a More Strategic Approach to Prevent, Detect, and Be Ready for the Next Pandemic – An Independent Evaluation

World Bank

Published

27 Aug 2026

Coverage

International

This evaluation assesses the World Bank Group’s support to prevent, detect, and prepare for future pandemics, covering over $20 billion in core financing between 1991 and 2024, and examines lending and advisory activities across 145 countries. Investing in epidemic preparedness is a paramount development priority. The risk of emerging infectious diseases is increasing by more than 6% annually, with several hundred outbreaks each year posing potential for international spread. The likelihood of another pandemic with mortality and morbidity comparable to—or exceeding—COVID-19 within the next 25 years is estimated at nearly 70%. This escalating risk makes sustained and strategic investment in preparedness both urgent and economically sound. The Bank Group has provided more than $20 billion in core preparedness financing since 1991, about half since COVID-19. Since 2024, it has sought to scale support further through the Health Emergency Prevention, Preparedness, and Response Global Challenge Program. This evaluation examines more than two decades of World Bank Group support to epidemic preparedness, totaling over $20 billion in core financing between 1991 and 2024. Its findings can inform how the Bank Group prioritizes support, collaborates across sectors, and focuses on delivering long-term preparedness outcomes.